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The Big Picture, Part III

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AP Review pf Quarter 3 (Industrial Revolution through the First World War

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we'll start with a pretty simple definition the Industrial Revolution simple refers to the transition from human power kid machine power  and it was the Agricultural Revolution that would help to make this possible the dramatic increase in food production including sheep thanks to things like crop rotation selective breeding Seadrill that in turn is going to lead to a dramatic population increase in England which will provide along with enclosure a plentiful Urban Workforce a cheap one unfortunately for the workers show me the other factors into MIDI just a revolution happen in England first clinical seaports Liverpool on the west London on the Thames Estuary in the east play client coal which would power the new steam engine  prior to the steam engine text me also driven by water power supply for streams for water also for internal transportation a governmental system that was well-disposed toward business tax breaks government loans DMVs are members of parliament mostly were devotees of Adam Smith and Wealth of Nations  in a banking system that was second to none when it ironically had been brought to England from Holland by William and Mary in the days of the Glorious Revolution send us a revolution would have a huge impact on the daily lives of typical English subjects for one thing would lead to tremendous over in cities  probably the change that agricultural workers resented the most was punching the clock the time discipline required by the new factory system  the 19th century improve workers real wages also improved increasingly we're beginning to see sexual division of labor where women are gradually pushed out of the labor force men become the breadwinners we she also a protest and two very different movements emerge in England would one much more play for the shortest to see the right to vote and they're attacked in Manchester in 1819 in the famous purely Massacre or battle of peterloo another group The luddites Who attacked a new Factory Machinery either because they hate the work or because the Machinery is displacing human driving jobs  not if the invention of the rocket that also has a huge impact on the English Industrial Revolution there's a Second Industrial Revolution the first Ones based on text tools but in the midnight in Century it's the production of Steel that will become Paramount meanwhile on Lebanon couple of elements to remember one of them is strictness innovation a customs Union which means that no Terrace charge among states of Germany this is an important economic step but like a railroad in England is also a step toward political Unity and of course William Cochran was a good example of an expert shoes all too willing to please challenge to customers on the continent cockrill and his sons will build factories and the continent will reap the benefits in especially little Belgium is the second grade industrial power after England two key critics of this Industrial Revolution writer of fiction of course Charles Dickens who live the life of a poor boy remember he worked in the boot polish Factory we saw that scene from David Copperfield and a German living in England Karl Marx the author of Das kapital the scientific social the famous is in this chapter chapter 23 also known as the age of revolutions best symbolizer Again by delacroix most famous romantic painting this is Liberty Leading the People  at the end of the pole Sonic worst this man Klemens von metternich's the foreign minister of the Austrian half-track Empire will dominate the Congress of Vienna and he resembles an Austrian Charles V because his Paramount interest is keeping the desperate as disunified ethnically divided apps for again back together in one piece to do that matter Nick becomes a staunch enemy of the new ideologies the new philosophies or what we the new isms and those reasons include just to refresh your memory socialism  liberalism and probably the one that he feared the most nationalism because if nationalism were allowed to flourish uncheck it would tear apart perhaps for so as a result the victors over Napoleon excluding England which will go which own way and pursue a policy they call Splendid isolation the other Victors will pursue the Congress system the major powers which will later include France will work together to maintain order what day mean by maintaining order is to put down any and all very movements and two revolutions to nationalistic Liberal revolutions are quickly put down in Spain and the kingdom of the two sicilies the Congress system works to an extent along with the later balance of power system and Europe will have no major Wars for nearly century  but the problem with the Congress system the same problem that containment policy would create during the Cold War years to come amount of resentment against the superpowers by those who want to experiment with things like liberalism and nationalism in 1830 a liberal Revolution will take place in France overthrow reactionary King Charles the 10th to wants to go back to the good old days before the French Revolution of 1789 French liberals were revoked in Paris barricade as usual will go up and in the July days Charles attempt will be overthrown and he'll be replaced by a relative Louis Philippe who is a businessman known as the boots walking very friendly toward business the model grants for the next 18 years will be on rachet Vu get rich 10 + 18 France will have not one but two revolutions in February Luis Felipe's gotten kind of old grumpy and Anna next will be overthrown he'll be replaced by a temporary or provisional liberal government members of the second revolution call the June days this is a Socialist Workers Revolution which is Spark by the government's closing of jobs programs which are called the national workshops an idea of a socialist named Louie Blanc  well that Revolution we put down violently and at the end of the year Napoleon will be elected the president of France on a promise to restore Law and Order and later of course Luna pulled in will re-emerge in his new identity he will be Emperor Napoleon the Third in Germany there's a revolution in 1848 as well and it has both nationalists and liberal elements to it night Ford assembly is a meeting by liberal deputies who want to write a constitution for a unified Germany what they seek is that constitutional monarchy similar to England  may remember the revolution fails that they offered the crown to the Prussian King who replies I refuse to accept the crown from a gutter that's a nasty shot and essentially the revolution falls apart the good news at least for the United States is this a result in a mass Exodus of Germans to America during the 1840s and early 1850s in Austria the Revolutions of 1848 separatist movements we have to major revolutions Louis kossuth and hungarians will see to break away and form their own Nation Giuseppe mazzini will attempt to same for the Italian people and as you know both revolutions are dismal failures the Hungarian Revolution is crushed with the help of the Russian army and French troops will arrive in Rome to rescue the pope and put down Giuseppe mazzini's Revolution so again one thing for these revolutions 1848 all have in common they are sad in La Belle epoque remember that guiding principle of the mid-nineteenth century until the first world war is the idea that everyday in every way things are getting better better there's no better visual summary of this I think ten Ren walls Masterpiece Luncheon of the Boating Party member this is important because shows French people French citizens of all different social classes joining together very Democratic for a pleasant scene typically on the banks one of the best examples of this new optimism is haussmann's rebuilding of Paris is the show the practical application of Science and Technology bourbon planning we see developments like this in Vienna as well  Medical makes big progress in three names to remember Lister pasture and Coke sew in binson Medical Science along with the vast improvements in diet made Boss by the Agricultural Revolution means that Europeans are living much healthier lives play ever had before  and throughout the 1800s as McKay notes real wages among European workers seem to be improving skin conditions although not ideal are much improved from they were the way they were in the early days of the Industrial Revolution and I don't like it we see real wages Rising among Factory workers blue collar workers we also saw tremendous growth in the middle class what are called workers people who have some education in this class will become very important as at consumer class at 2 good symbols of this consumption Sidewalk Cafe in Paris in the 1930s and course the department store would emerge in 1800 this is Harrods in London  not everything is perfect we know that in London until changeless cleaned up it was an open Cesspool collar is a major killer violets symbolize by the Ripper murders in the overcrowded East and is another actual problem  so the gap between the rich and the poor will persist a jacket leaving widen by 1900 as best symbolized by the Titanic people were so rigidly segregated by their social class member that women thanks in part to the segregation of gender roles men are working women are expected to stay at home and be happy Housewives like this lady women are increasingly becoming professional consumers best symbolized by the modern kitchen which she was actually invented by an American Catharine Beecher it's also remember that by the late 19th century not all women are particular happy with this role this is the beginning of the suffragist movement a positive outcome of La Belle epoque probably the most positive is that the children are valued more better educated primarily because they're healthier and have a much greater likelihood of surviving to adulthood then the next chapter we lifted and building Nations we even looked at the example in the United States of the Civil War because it was a United Nation that the Nations that we focused on in chapter 25 in Europe  we first looked at Italy and the for Ham Lincoln of Italy was piedmontese prime minister named Camilla cover and his King Victor Emmanuel who begin the Italian unification you should process  the first stage is provoking a war against Austria in 1859 which they have help from Napoleon the third's the big turning point is the union of Garibaldi's Southern movement and Victor Emmanuel's Northern movement in 1860 Channel Eyes by again this is Noah station that's got to be in every Italian school boy in school girls history textbook and the last stage is the adding Papal States which will create the Modern Nation of Italy and make the pope really unhappy in 1870  Bismarck is the equivalent to cavour for the nation of Germany Prussia is the new yes it just as piedmont-sardinia was the nucleus of Italy and Bismarck First Step will be to secure a precious eastern border by signing a French treaty with Russia then you may remember he'll pick on the smallest neighborhood first Denmark with the help of it play he'll make war on Austria and then the big war the one that is the centerpiece of his foreign policy is the war against France in 1870 71 and what you'll defeat Napoleon the Third  the problem is at the conclusion of that work he choose to Crown the new German Emperor William the first and Louie XIV palace at Versailles which had to be a tremendous insult to fraction and would help to provoke the terrible first world war 44 years later and of course is his Social Security program and ironically Social Security doesn't come out of the kindness of bismarck's heart which it represents an attempt to undercut the power of the Socialist movement Bismarck play Phil said if he gives the workers some of what they want he will lessen the appeal of revolutionary socialism and to a large extent he is wild successful  but there's a new kind of socialism that's emerging it's not revolutionary play Mansions a kind of socialism known as revisionism best symbolized by its originator Edward Bernstein and the French revisionist the revisionist call for a more peaceful road to Justice the problem for the Socialist movement is this is going to cause it Amanda Schism within the movement between the revisionist and marks it's like Lenin who insist on traditional revolutionary tactics the emergence of what McKay calls the responsive national state we see this in France make filet with the spread of free public education  negative aspect of this New Nationalism of course as the infamous Dreyfus Affair which nearly splits Francine to those who support more traditional elements like the Army in the Catholic church and those who support more vision of France  ultimately Dreyfuss will be Vindicated but only after as long and bitter battle finally what ended La Belle Epoch in the no better symbol than this John Singer Sargent painting of pretty soul Gast is what McKay calls the great break the first World War number one back count cause for the war was the competition engendered by imperialism building Empires Asia Africa and Pacific one of the most important fact pictures that would lead to imperialism was the Industrial Revolution itself a search for new markets and new raw materials remember another factor which goes beyond the economic factors was military factors and the ideas propagated by American Naval writer Alfred Thayer Mahan that great Empires require great navies and great Navy acquire colonies for cooling stations in Naval bases  and another factor that entered into the scheme was the idea that Europeans and Americans felt an obligation to export their values and their religion to the other peoples of the world what Kipling called The White Man's Burden the most egregious example of imperialism add to beat the Belgian Congo where perhaps more Congolese died under King Leopold then European Jews died during the Holocaust Second World War  World War 1 might have started sooner than it did this intense competition colonies what are the factors that would make peace possible would be bismarck's calling with the Congress of Berlin which would look figured if he divides play Africa like a Thanksgiving turkey  in Asia one of the events that weed chat briefly was the sepoy mutiny in 1857 this would end the rule of private Corporation East India Company and begin the time of the India would become England's most important call me and then sadly goes down in history as one of the great drug pushers it's the Opium War in 1839 to 42 that will open China to the West China will be virtually helpless before the onslaught of Western imperialism important contrasts is Japan which will adapt to Western ways including Western technology Japan itself will become an important real power  and if there's such a thing as a coming out party it would be the Russell Japanese war in the Japanese would prove themselves to be one of the great military powers on the face of the Earth and ultimately it's the combination Japanese imperialism and American imperialism that will bring those two great countries to war in 1941 never that dead Bosnia was bordered by Serbian and Serbia is part of the can't reach I compared to Juicy bone surrounded by three dogs Austria-Hungary Russia and Turkey or the Ottoman Empire now I know the background cause to the first world war besides the Balkans crisis suit 1914 would be the alliance systems on two major Alliance systems will be formed to keep the balance of power the Triple Alliance and the triple on top and to the world shot instead of keeping the peace once that assassination took place in the Balkans what the alliance systems would do in Nets to make a relatively minor War evolve into a World War while within the station about four weeks show me the other major causes again imperialism was a factory even with the Congress it generated an intense sense of national rivalry among the nations of Europe including Tazewell Nations outside you replied to you States in Japan  the personality of Kaiser Wilhelm and his desire to have a great Navy would worsen relations play Germany and England and vilhelms inexplicable refusal to renew the reinsurance treaty with Russia would lead to increased tensions between Russian in Germany  again tensions in the Balkans region would be the spark for the warning years before the events and star game dish Mark said the next war will begin with some **** fool incident in the Balkans and he was right  and another Whidbey Indescribable feeling of tension we saw the exemplified in the movement for women's suffrage in England Fatima women among workers among the military among politicians of there was a feeling that something was in the air and underlie Bangladesh was a tremendous sense of nationalism not only among the people in the Balkans like the serbs and wanted to create a greater Serbia I'm under Slavic brothers and sisters the Russians I'm on the newly-created nation of Germany and Justice important a sense of nationalistic Revenge on the part of France so all of these factors imperialism personality of vilhelm the Balkans crisis is feeling of tension and nationalism for both little nations of big Nations all of these important and decisive factors in creating this terrible War  the war would begin just like civil work it was a tremendous feeling of Hope and expectation symbolized by the German soldiers being greeted by a woman in the street of bananas and go War  and it would turn into something far more horrible than anyone at imagine 9 million killed during the course of this first World War  and the cruelty of the war would be the scientific progress in the progress and Technology made during love my pockets is so reminiscent of a Frankenstein because this technology best symbolized here by this machine gun would turn on Mankind and what will it prove to be truly gifted at was consuming lives in huge numbers and battles of Verdun and the Somme are two example the gun season new kind of warfare where the strategy is simply to kill as many of the enemy is this kind of warfare that's going to lead to a very bitter peace when Wars finally concluded  the world also bleed Russia white exhausted Russia will pull itself out of the war in 1917 with the Treaty of brest-litovsk when the Bolsheviks come to power and of course in the process of that Revolution the Romanov family will be executed in the summer of 1918 as the Germans are launching what they call a piece of fencing American army green on try but finally available in large numbers will be sent to stop the German offensive and then the Americans are go on the counter if it's and it's the American intervention in the war that will provide a decisive victory for the allies and in some ways this is tragic because it means that Germany is going to face a very stringent harsh Peachtree  do you know the words these three powerful men David Lloyd George of England on the left clemenceau the tiger the French Premier in the center and the idealistic Woodrow Wilson whose desires for a permanent peacekeeping organization these three men will redraw the map of Europe and much of the world and in the process create what one is taurine is called a peace to end all peace and in the process in merely redrawing the borders of Europe and the Middle East they'll also create internet location to switch among other things are in direct cause of the events of 9/11 and most important the bitterness of that treaty will set the stage for the rise of Adolf Hitler's is given all the ammunition he needs in order to appeal to the worst instincts of the German people remember that the basis for this harsh pieces article 231 the guilt clause which puts all the plane for the first world war on Germany  Germany will lose territory will be limited to 100 man army which is Tiny and finally those reparations and if things weren't bad enough at the end of the war after 9 million of been killed an epidemic of flu which seems particularly get Liam on young people who kill more people than War hat so it's no wonder that we have at an age of disillusionment an alienation after the first World War show me the way just as the he helped to destroy the world of the Middle Ages so war and this terrible influenza helped to destroy the age of progress

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The Big Picture, Part III

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